Secundary Publications:
Kebschull C., Flegel S., Wiedemann C., Gelhaus J., Stoll E., Entwicklung eines Messwertgenerators zur Simulation von Sensornetzwerken, 64. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, Rostock, 22.-24. September 2015, Paper DLRK2015-370137
Bauer, W., Romberg, O., Wiedemann, C., Drolshagen, G., Vörsmann, P., Development of in-situ space debris detector, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 54, No. 9, 1 November 2014, pp. 1858–1869. Kebschull C., Braun V., Flegel S., Reihs B., Hesselbach S., Gelhaus J., Möckel M., Radtke J., Wiedemann C., Krag H., Vörsmann P., A Simplified Approach to Analyze the Space Debris Evolution in the Low Earth Orbit, 64th International Astronautical Congress, Beijing, China 23.-27. September 2013, Paper IAC-13,A6,2,3x19121. Bauer, W., Romberg, O., Pissarskoi, A., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., In orbit debris-detection based on solar panels, CEAS Space Journal, Vol. 5, 2013, pp. 49–56. Kebschull C., Sanchez-Ortiz N., Gelhaus J., Braun V., Correia de Oliveira J., Dominguez-Gonzalez R., Wiedemann C., Krag H., Vörsmann P., Neuerungen in DRAMA - ESA’s Space Debris Mitigation Analysis Tool Suite, 62. Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, Stuttgart, 10.-12. September 2013, Paper DLRK 2013-301280. Möckel, M., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Braun, V., Kebschull, C., Radtke, J., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Fast implementation of the "cube" approach for orbital collision detection, Proc. 6th European Conference on Space Debris, Darmstadt, paper 2811539, Germany, 22–25 April 2013, ESA SP-723, August 2013. Gelhaus, J., Sanchez-Ortiz, N., Braun, V., Kebschull, C., Correia de Oliveira, J., Dominguez-Gonzales, R., Wiedemann, C., Krag, H., Vörsmann, P., Upgrade of DRAMA – ESA’s space debris mitigation analysis tool suite, Proc. 6th European Conference on Space Debris, Darmstadt, paper 2811537, Germany, 22–25 April 2013, ESA SP-723, August 2013. Bauer, W., Romberg, O., Wiedemann, C., Putzar, R., Schäfer, F., Drolshagen, G., Vörsmann, P., HVI-test setup for solid verification, Proc. '6th European Conference on Space Debris', Darmstadt, paper 2817442, Germany, 22-25 April 2013, (ESA SP-723, July 2013). Kebschull C., Flegel S. K., Gelhaus J., Möckel M., Braun V., Radtke J., Wiedemann C., Vörsmann P., Sanchez-Ortiz N., Krag H., The Software Architecture of the Upgraded ESA DRAMA Software Suite, 6th European Conference on Space Debris, ESA/ESOC Darmstadt, Germany 22.-25. April 2013, Paper 6a.P-33. Kebschull C., Flegel S. K., Braun V., Gelhaus J., Möckel M., Wiedemann C., Vörsmann P., Reducing variability in short term orbital lifetime prediction, Adv. in Space Research 51, pp. 1110–1115, 2013. Braun, V., Sanchez-Ortiz, N., Gelhaus, J., Kebschull, C., Flegel, S., Möckel, M., Wiedemann, C., Krag, H., Vörsmann, P., Upgrade of the ESA DRAMA OSCAR tool: Analysis of disposal strategies considering current standard for future solar and geomagnetic activity, 6th European Conference on Space Debris, Darmstadt, Germany, 2013. Braun, V., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Kebschull, C., Radtke, J., Wiedemann, C., Krag, H., Vörsmann, P., Orbital lifetime estimation using ESA's OSCAR tool, 5th European Conference for Aerospace Sciences (EUCASS), München, Germany, 2013. Braun, V., Gelhaus, J., Kebschull, C., Sanchez-Ortiz, N., Oliveira, J., Dominguez, R., Wiedemann, C., Krag, H., Vörsmann, P., DRAMA 2.0 - ESA's space debris risk assessment and mitigation analysis tool suite, 64th International Astronautical Congress (IAC), paper IAC-13,A6.4,4x18862, Beijing, China, 2013. Braun, V., Lüpken, A., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Kebschull, C., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Active debris removal of multiple priority targets, Adv. in Space Research 51, pp. 1638-1648, 2013. Braun, V., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Kebschull, C., Wiedemann, C., Sanchez-Ortiz, N., Krag, H., Vörsmann, P., Impact of Solar Flux Modeling on Satellite Lifetime Predictions, Presented at the 63rd IAC held in Naples, Italy, 2012, IAC-12.A6.4.10. Braun, V., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Kebschull, C., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Active Debris Removal of Multiple Priority Targets, Presented at the 39th COSPAR conference held in Mysore, India, 2012, PEDAS.1-0029-12. Bauer, W., Romberg, O., Wiedemann, C., Putzar, R., Schäfer, F., Drolshagen, G., Vörsmann, P., HVI-test setup of in-situ space debris detector, 63nd International Astronautical Congress 2012 (IAC 2012), 1-5 October 2012, Naples, Italy, paper IAC-12.A6.3.10. Braun, V., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Evaluation of Different Concepts for Active Debris Removal, Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, Bremen, 27. - 29. September 2011, Paper DLRK 2011-1386. Möckel M., Kebschull C., Flegel S., Gelhaus J., Braun V., Wiedemann C., Vörsmann P., Flexible Implementation of Orbital Propagators in Heterogenous Computing Environments, 2012, DGLR-Jahrestagung 2012, Berlin. Kebschull C., Flegel S. K., Braun V., Gelhaus J., Möckel M., Wiedemann C., Vörsmann P., Verbesserung der Wiedereintrittsberechnung durch Unterdrückung von Positionsschwankungen, Berlin, 10.-12. September 2012, Paper DLRK 2012-281455. Kebschull C., Flegel S. K., Braun V., Gelhaus J., Möckel M., Wiedemann C., Vörsmann P., Reducing variability in short term orbital lifetime prediction, Presented at the 39th COSPAR conference held in Mysore, India, 2012, PEDAS.1-0022-12. Braun, V., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Kebschull, C., Wiedemann, C., Sanchez-Ortiz, N., Krag, H., Vörsmann, P., Impact of Solar Flux Modeling on Satellite Lifetime Predictions, Presented at the 63rd IAC held in Naples, Italy, 2012, IAC-12.A6.4.10. Braun, V., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Kebschull, C., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Active Debris Removal of Multiple Priority Targets, Presented at the 39th COSPAR conference held in Mysore, India, 2012, PEDAS.1-0029-12. Braun, V., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Evaluation of Different Concepts for Active Debris Removal, Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, Bremen, 27. - 29. September 2011, paper DLRK 2011-1386. Flegel S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Wiedemann, C., Krag, H., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Multi-layer insulation model for MASTER-2009, Acta Astronautica (2011), doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.06.015. Möckel, M., Wiedemann, C., Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Klinkrad H., Krag H., Vörsmann P., Using Parallel Computing for the Display and Simulation of the Space Debris Environment, 2011, Advances in Space Research 48, pp. 173-183. Flegel S., Scheidemann P., Gelhaus J., Wiedemann C., Oswald M., Stabroth S., Klinkrad H., Krag H., Vörsmann P., The MASTER-2009 Fragmentation Model for the Small Size Regime, presented at the 60th International Astronautical Congress - Daejeon, South Korea, paper IAC-09-A6.2.3. Gelhaus J., Schneider S., Flegel S., Möckel M., Braun V., Wiedemann C., Krag H., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Development of an Infrared Sensor Model for Space Debris Observation, Poster presented at 62nd International Astronautical Congress 2011 (IAC 2011) 3-7 October 2011, Cape Town. Gelhaus J., Flegel S., Möckel M., Braun V., Wiedemann C., Krag H., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Ausbau von Simulationsverfahren zur Detektion von Weltraummüll, Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, Bremen, 27.-29. September 2011. Möckel M., Wiedemann C., Flegel S., Gelhaus J., Klinkrad H., Krag H., Vörsmann P., Simulation der Weltraummüllumgebung auf parallelen Rechnerarchitekturen, 2010, DGLR-Jahrestagung 2010, Hamburg Gelhaus J., Flegel S., Möckel M., Wiedemann C., Stabroth S., Oswald M., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Die Validierung der Space Debris Population von ESA-MASTER-2009, Presented at the 59th Deutsche Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress held in Hamburg, Germany, 2010. Gelhaus J., Flegel S., Möckel M., Wiedemann C., Stabroth S., Oswald M., Krag H., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Validation of the ESA-MASTER-2009 space debris population, Presented at 61st International Astronautical Congress held in Prague, Czech Republic, 2010, IAC-10.A6.2.1. Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Möckel, M., Wiedemann, C., Krag, H., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Multi-Layer Insulation Model for MASTER-2009, presented at 61st International Astronautical Congress held in Prague, Czech Republic, 2010, IAC-10.A6.2.4. Flegel, S.,Gelhaus, J., Wiedemann, C., Möckel, M., Krag, H., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., New developments in the modeling of the space debris environment, Presented at the 59th Deutsche Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress held in Hamburg, Germany, 2010, DLRK2010_161277. Flegel, S., Krisko, P., Gelhaus J., Wiedemann C., Möckel M., Krag H., Klinkrad H., Xu Y.-L., Horstman M.F., Opiela J.N., Matney M., Modeling the Space Debris Environment with MASTER-2009 and ORDEM2010, Presented at the 38th COSPAR conference held in Bremen, Germany, 2010, PEDAS1-0012-10. Flegel, S., Wiedemann, C., Gelhaus, J., Dietze C., Alwes, D., Vörsmann, P., Satellite Failure Risk Due To Hypervelocity Impacts, in: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Space Debris, Darmstadt, Germany, March 30 - April 2, 2009. Flegel, S., Gelhaus, J., Wiedemann, C., Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Klinkrad, H., Krag, H., Vörsmann, P., The MASTER-2009 Space Debris Environment Model, in: Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Space Debris, Darmstadt, Germany, March 30 - April 2, 2009. Flegel, S., Wiedemann, C., Stabroth, S., Alwes, D., Bendisch, J., Vörsmann, P., Future Satellite Failure Risk Due To Hypervelocity Impacts, 59th International Astronautical Congress 2008 - Glasgow, Scotland, paper IAC-08-A6.2.10. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Schildknecht, T. , Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Modelling of the GEO Debris Environment Based on ESA-SDT Observations, Invited Paper IAC-07-A6.2.01, 58th International Astronautical Congress, Hyderabad, India, 2007. Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Oswald, M., Krag, H., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Trends in the Use of Solid Rocket Motors and Effects on the Space Debris Environment, Proceedings of 1st CEAS European Air and Space Conference, Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress 2007, Berlin, paper CEAS-2007-039, pp. 1669-1678, 2007. Stabroth, S., Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Explanation of the "May Swarm" signature in the LDEF IDE impact data, Aerospace Science and Technology 11, pp. 253-257, 2007. Baumgarten, M., Bendisch, J., Wiedemann, C., Oswald, M., Vörsmann, P., Optimierung eines bestehenden Rechenverfahrens zur Bestimmung des Flächen zu Massen Verhältnisses, Deutscher Luft- und Raumfahrtkongress, Braunschweig, 6.-9. November 2006, paper DGLR-2006-136, Jahrbuch, pp. 905-909. Stabroth, S., Wegener, P., Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Introduction of a nozzle throat diameter dependency into the SRM dust size distribution, Adv. Space Res. 38, 2117-2121, 2006. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Die zukünftige Entwicklung der Weltraummüllumgebung, Frühjahrstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft, EP 8.2, Heidelberg, 13.-16. März 2006. Oswald, M., Wegener, P., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P. ,Concepts and Validation of the ESA MASTER Model, invited paper PEDAS1-0014-06, 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Beijing, China, 2006. Oswald, M., Flegel, S., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., A Model for the High Area-to-Mass Ratio Debris in GEO, paper AIAA-2006-6517, 2006 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, Keystone, CO, USA, 2006. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., MASTER-2005 - The Debris Risk Assessment Tool for the Space Industry, paper AIAA-2006-7219, AIAA Space 2006 Conference, San Jose, CA, USA, 2006. Oswald, M., Flegel, S., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Modelling the High Area-to-Mass Ratio Debris in GEO, paper IAC-06-B6.2.01, 2006 International Astronautical Congress, Valencia, Spain, 2006. Stabroth, S., Homeister, M., Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Flux Analysis of Dust Particles Generated by Solid Rocket Motor Retro-Burns, paper DGLR-2006-052, DGLR-Jahrestagung 2006, Braunschweig. Stabroth S., Oswald M., Wiedemann C., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Historical Evolution of the Small Particle Debris Environment, paper/presentation IAC-06-B6.2.04, International Astronautical Congress 2006, Valencia, Spain. Stabroth S., Oswald M., Wiedemann C., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Modelling the Meteoroid Stream Flux onto Targets in Earth Orbits, paper AIAA-2006-6516, Astrodynamics Specialist Conference 2006, Keystone/Colorado, USA. Stabroth, S., Homeister, M., Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P.,The Influence of Solid Rocket Motor Retro-Burns on the Space Debris Environment, paper PEDAS1-0015-06, COSPAR 2006, Beijing, China . Stabroth S., Oswald M., Wiedemann C., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Feststoffmotorzündungen im Erdorbit und deren Auswirkung auf die Weltraummüllumgebung, presentation EP8.3, Frühjahrstagung der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft e.V., Heidelberg, Germany, 14 March 2006. Stabroth S., Oswald M., Wiedemann C., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Modelling and Validation of the Small Particles Debris Environment Near Earth, paper DUNE workshop at ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, 23 February 2006. Stabroth S., Oswald M., Wiedemann C., Wegener P., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Modelling of Debris Impacts and Resulting Particle Releases in ESA-MASTER, paper IAC-05-B6.2.03, International Astronautical Congress 2005, Fukuoka, Japan. Klinkrad, H., Wegener, P., Wiedemann, C., Bendisch, J., Krag, H., Modeling of the Current Space Debris Environment, in: Klinkrad, H., Space Debris - Models and Risk Analysis, Springer - Praxis Books in Astronautical Engineering, 2006, Springer-Verlag. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Wegener, Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., ESA's MASTER 2005 Debris Environment Model, paper AAS 05-303, Astrodynamics Specialist Conference 2005, Lake Tahoe, CA, USA. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Klinkrad, H., Validation of the ESA MASTER-2005 Orbital Debris Model, 2005 AMOS Technical Conference, Wailea, HI, USA. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Klinkrad, H., Orbital Debris Risk Assessment with MASTER-2005, 1st IAASS Conference: Space Safety - A New Beginning, 2005, Nice, France. Stabroth S., Oswald M., Wiedemann C., Wegener P., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Modelling of Surface Degradation Particle Releases in ESA-MASTER, paper AAS 05-304, Astrodynamics Specialist Conference 2005, Lake Tahoe, USA. Stabroth S., Wegener P., Oswald M., Wiedemann C., Klinkrad H., Vörsmann P., Implementation of a Surface Degradation Model into ESA MASTER, paper SPACE2005-A-00106, Fourth European Conference on Space Debris 2005, Darmstadt, Germany. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Wegener, P., Vörsmann, P., Propulsion-Related Orbital Debris, paper 05.11.03, European Conference for Aerospace Sciences, 2005, Moscow, Russia. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Wegener, P., Rosebrock, J., Martin, C., Smith, D., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., The MASTER 2005 Model, invited paper SPACE2005-A-00141, Fourth European Conference on Space Debris 2005, Darmstadt, Germany. Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Stabroth, S., Vörsmann, P., Klinkrad, H., ESA MASTER-2005 - das neue europäische Weltraummüll-Modell, EP 5.1, 65. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft 2005, Berlin, Germany. Bendisch, Bunte, K., Klinkrad, H., Krag, H., Martin, C., Sdunnus, H., Walker, R., Wegener, P., Wiedemann, C., The MASTER-2001 Model, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2004, pp. 959-968. Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Stabroth, S., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., An Improved Method for Modelling On-Orbit Fragmentations, paper PEDAS1/B1.6-0018-04, COSPAR 2004, Paris, France. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Upgrading ESA-PROOF, the Program for Radar and Optical Observation Forecasting, 2004 AMOS Technical Conference, Wailea, HI, USA. Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Stabroth, S., Vörsmann, P., Economic Feasibility of Space Tugs, paper IAC-04-5.12-3.07, International Astronautical Congress 2004, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Wegener, P., Martin, C., Smith, D., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Upgrading the ESA-MASTER Model, paper IAC-04-5.12-3.07, International Astronautical Congress 2004, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Oswald, M., Wegener, P., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C.,Vörsmann, P. A Revised Approach for Modelling On-Orbit Fragmentations, Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, AIAA-2004-5221, 2004, Providence, RI, USA. Oswald, M., Stabroth, S., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Genauigkeit der Orbitbestimmung von Weltraummüllobjekten mittels orbitaler Teleskope, 64. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft 2004, Kiel, Germany. Stabroth, S., Wegener, P., Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Modellierung der Größenverteilung der durch den Einsatz von Feststoffraketenmotoren auf Erdumlaufbahnen erzeugten Kleinstpartikel, paper, DGLR-Jahrestagung 2004, Dresden. Stabroth, S., Wegener, P., Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Improvements in Modelling of Solid Rocket Motor Particle Release Events, Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, paper AIAA-2004-5220, 2004, Providence, RI, USA. Stabroth, S., Wegener, P., Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Klinkrad, H., Vörsmann, P., Additional Validation Results for the Small Particles Fraction in the ESA MASTER Space Debris Model, paper IAC-04-5.12-1.08, International Astronautical Congress 2004, Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Weltraumgestützte Beobachtung von Weltraummüll mittels optischer Sensoren, DGLR Jahrestagung 2003, Munich, Germany. Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Wegener, P., Stabroth, S., Vörsmann, P., Accuracy of Space Debris Orbit Determination Using Space-Based Optical Sensors, 54th International Astronautical Congress 2003, Bremen, Germany, paper IAA 03-5.1.08, in: Bendisch, J., Space Debris and Space Traffic Management Symposium 2003, American Astronautical Society, Science and Technology Series, Vol. 109, 2004, pp. 77-95. Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Wegener, P., Vörsmann, P., Space-Based Radars for the Observation of Orbital Debris in GEO, AIAA Space 2003 Conference. Oswald, M., Wiedemann, C., Vörsmann, P., Space-Based Observation of Orbital Debris in GEO, 2003 AMOS Technical Conference, Wailea, USA. Oswald, M., Wegener, P., Wiedemann, C., Space-Based Optical Observation of Space Debris with the ROGER Demonstrator, paper, 63. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Geophysikalischen Gesellschaft 2003, Jena, Germany. Bendisch, J., Klinkrad, H., Krag, H., Rex, D., Sdunnus, H., Wegener, P., Wiedemann, C., The consideration of non fragmentation debris in the MASTER model, Acta Astronautica, Vol. 50, 2002, No. 10, pp. 615-628. Krag, H., Bendisch, J., Bunte, K., Klinkrad, H., Martin, C., Sdunnus, H., Walker, R., Wegener, P., Wiedemann, C., Introducing The ESA-MASTER 2001 Space Debris Model, paper AAS 02-114, 12th AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 27-30 January, 2002. Wegener, P., Bendisch, J., Klinkrad, H., Krag, H., Wiedemann, C., The Reference Population of the MASTER 2001 Model, paper IAA-01-IAA.6.4.07, 51st International Astronautical Congress, Toulouse, France, 1-5 October, 2001. Bendisch, J., Klinkrad, H., Krag, H., Wegener, P., Wiedemann, C., Object Flux Characteristics due to Various Types of Debris Sources, paper IAA-00-IAA.6.5.01, 51st International Astronautical Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2-6 October, 2000. Bendisch, J., Klinkrad, H., Krag, H., Li, X., Sdunnus, H., Wegener, P., Wiedemann, C., Rex, D., Results of the Upgraded MASTER Model, 50th IAF Congress, paper IAA-99-IAA.6.3.03, October 4-8, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1999. Krag, H., Bendisch, J., Wegener, P., Wiedemann, C., Rex, D., The ESA Space Debris Model MASTER and the Debris Contribution by Solid Rocket Motor Slag, 8th International Space Conference of Pacific-basin Societies (ISCOPS), June 23-26, Xi'an, China, 1999.
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